德國右翼政黨主張德國脫歐，重奪德國主權：歐盟在烏克蘭事件碰到硬板了

 

圖、德國選項黨主席威德爾。圖／德國之聲中文網

歐盟從邦聯逐漸轉向聯邦，削弱了個別成員國的主權和影響力，在俄羅斯侵略烏克蘭一事，歐盟的反應遲鈍，遠比美國為差。故此，歐盟也許需要改革，而一旦歐盟走回頭路，爆發戰爭的可能性提高了。

歐盟從成立至今，成員國數量在不斷增多，迄今為止，退出歐盟的只有英國一家。但對德國右翼政黨另類選擇黨（AfD, 選項黨）主席威德爾（Alice Weidel）來說，英國卻是一個值得德國效仿的榜樣。

AfD是德國的右翼民粹主義政黨（極右翼），2013年2月6日於柏林成立。該黨反對歐洲一體化，反對歐盟，反對輸入新移民和接受難民。該黨由經濟學家貝恩德·盧克（Bernd Lucke）創立。批評者稱其政治思想含新納粹主義成分，現時德國各其他政黨共識是均不會與該黨合組聯合政府，故此除非單獨競選執政，該黨成為執政聯盟成員的機會不高。然而，意大利的右翼政黨執政，已是異數，故此AfD將來在德國執政，不容低估。2022年9月，意大利極右翼領袖喬治亞·梅洛尼（Giorgia Meloni）在大選中獲勝，成為該國第一位女總理。梅洛尼將組建意大利自二戰以來最右翼的政府。她在大選中獲勝使歐洲大部分地區感到震驚，因為意大利是歐盟第三大經濟體。

AfD在德國的支持率仍超過20%，位居第二，遠高於2021年聯邦選舉時的10.3%。在德國東部，選項黨在多個聯邦州的支持率超過30%。而今年年內，圖林根州、薩克森州和勃蘭登堡州將舉行州議會選舉，選項黨倘若在聯邦州執政或成為當地最大政黨，將是德國政治版圖出現的實質性轉變。

接受《金融時報》採訪時，威德爾談到了選項黨的歐洲政策。她表示，德國退歐是該黨的一個選項，「就是否留在歐盟做出主權決定，是值得德國學習的榜樣。」

威德爾說，一旦該黨掌握政權，將力主對歐盟進行改革，以消除歐盟現在在「民主制度上的缺失」，這其中包括歐盟權限過大，成員國主權受限等等。威德爾強調，如果改革達不到預期的效果，那麼，德國就應像2016年的英國那樣，就是否留在歐盟舉行全民公投。「如果不可能進行改革，如果我們無法重新讓歐盟成員國恢復主權，那我們就應當像英國那樣，讓民眾來做出裁決。」然而，根據德國憲法《基本法》（Grundgesetz），德國並沒有在全德範圍內舉行全民公投的選項，只有在重新劃分現有聯邦州疆域時，才可以採用全民公投的方式。威德爾在採訪中也表示，2029年之前，也即下下屆聯邦大選之前，選項黨不會上台執政。

選項黨激起民眾對立，反右浪潮席捲德國

剛剛過去的周末（德國時間一月二十日），德國各地數十萬人走上街頭，舉行反對極右勢力以及捍衛民主制度的集會遊行。此前有媒體就德國極右勢力在波茨坦舉行的一次會議舉行了曝光。報導稱，極右人士當時討論的議題中包括對在德外來移民採取所謂「再移民」（即是遣返原籍）措施等內容。

最新的民調顯示，席捲德國的大規模抗議行動已經對選項黨的民意支持度造成了影響：選項黨的支持率比上一次民調下降了1.5%，但仍有21.5%。這是該黨民意支持率兩年來出現的最大跌幅。不過，執政聯盟並沒有從中獲益：社民黨的支持率只有13.5，綠黨只有12.5%，自民黨為5%。

不過，選項黨民調指標下降的同時，黨員人數卻仍在繼續增多。選項黨發言人表示，從今年一月10日至22日，該黨共收到1400份入黨申請，而同一時期，退黨人數只有數十人。該黨目前總共擁有黨員41000人。目前全德範圍內，支持率最高的是基民盟/基社盟（CDU/CSU），支持率為30.5%，選項黨排名第二。（資料來源一、資料來源二）

結語：恆久和平計劃滋生歐盟的麻痺和軟弱

筆者身處歐洲多年，而且正直歐盟成型的上世紀九十年代，我有自己的看法。歐盟是思想家哈貝馬斯（Jürgen Habermas）等人的構思，目標是恆久和平。歐盟帶來歐洲境內永久和平，和平帶來麻痺和軟弱，周邊國家（俄國、中共、伊朗）和個別人民（難民、黑幫）乘虛而入，故此要防衛歐洲的和平和美好生活，削弱俄國的聯盟，不斷吸納前蘇聯在東歐（Ostbloc）的盟友為歐盟成員國是個趨勢，然而在輸出顏色革命來吸納前蘇聯加盟共和國烏克蘭的時候，歐盟碰到硬板。

向周邊國家輸出民主和顏色革命，是防衛民主同盟的必要，然而這個任務卻一向由美國代理，包括烏克蘭在2004年及2014年脫離俄國勢力範圍的橙色革命，歐盟成為free-rider，是次遇上俄羅斯侵略烏克蘭和中共的不公平貿易，令歐洲經濟大創傷。歐盟實有重組的必要，甚至恢復各個主權和大國的貨幣，釋放它們對抗極權國家的戰鬥力。

Source: 陳雲

https://www.patreon.com/posts/de-guo-you-yi-de-97098200?

These Words Make it Obvious That Your Text is Written By AI

Have you ever read an article that made you say "This was made by AI"?

I'm sure you have. Well, who am I kidding — we all have. Especially us Medium writers.

Most of us are avid readers. We all read multiple articles a day and several books a month. Most of us write thousands of words every day. We all know what "human writing" sounds like.

But until recently, I still couldn't put a finger on it.

Last November, I got a job as a Content Writer and Editor. Since then, I‘ve written and edited 12 to 20 articles every week. It was through this repetitive, highly systematic, and quite stimulating job responsibility where I noticed consistent giveaways to AI output.

I learned how ChatGPT sounded to help my writers sound more human. And now I'm going to share these to you.

Writing with AI

This post isn't to dismiss AI.

We absolutely love AI, and I use it regularly. If you use it, more power to you — but it has to be in a way that feels and sounds human. You can't be lazy just because of it.

Compelling, human articles written with AI tools is high-powered and efficient writing. Articles that look and sound like AI is just trashy.

That's why I'm writing this.

We writers can't avoid AI, and we shouldn't — we need to adapt and utilize any tools that the industry gives us and keep raising the standards of our craft. A big part of that is utilizing the efficiency and speed of AI, without compromising on your article's humanity.

So if you want to use AI to write your articles, make sure to edit out these words.

1. Transformative

Example: "Semantic web methodologies propose a transformative approach by enhancing the depth of search engine understanding."

AI giveaway: This obvious giveaway word overhypes whatever you're trying to describe and sells it as something that changes the world. Not everything has to be "transformative." It's unnecessary and ostentatious.

Edit: Remove. Often, removing it won't change the message whatsoever. But if absolutely needed, change it to something more mundane and simple.

2. Foster/fostering

Example: "It establishes a cohesive visual identity, fostering a sense of reliability and professionalism."

AI giveaway: I particularly hate this word. It's become a catch-all for writers who don't know exactly what it is they are describing, and it's so overused and non-descriptive. If I see more than two of these words in an entire article, I flag it.

Edit: Change it into something more specific, descriptive, and context-appropriate. Like create, build, forge, nurture, etc.

3. Tapestry/A tapestry of…

Example: "Knowledge graphs leverage semantic relationships, transforming data into a rich tapestry of interconnected knowledge."

AI giveaway: ChatGPT uses this so often, and I've come to hate it with a passion. Anything connected doesn't have to be a "tapestry" of anything. Sometimes they are just connected. Sometimes maybe even just related.

Edit: Remove or rephrase. It's a dead giveaway.

4. This is about … / All about …

Example: "The Crypto Pro Playbook is all about putting power back into your hands, allowing you to navigate the crypto landscape without unnecessary expenses."

AI giveaway: When you use "this is about …" or "X is all about …" in your article, I automatically assume that:

AI wrote your content, or

You don't know what you're talking about.

Well-written content doesn't say that "something is all about something else …", they are vastly more specific.

Edit: Change to something more specific and descriptive.

5. Think of X as …

Example: "Think of influential blogs and forums as your digital mentors."

AI giveaway: There are better ways to signal a metaphor. This specific turn of phrase is a pattern that many AI software repeat.

Edit: Be more direct. Don't tell readers to "think of it as …" They're reading your work — they're already thinking.

6. Like/It's like …

Example: "It's like having a front-row seat to the future of crypto — all from the comfort of your couch."

AI giveaway: Same as above, it's a highly repetitive and recognizable pattern.

Edit: Remove and rephrase your sentence.

7. Not only … but also …

Example: "E-commerce businesses leveraging pillar pages not only streamline user navigation but also position themselves as industry leaders"

AI giveaway: It's a highly repetitive and distinguishing pattern. And, it's unnecessary. Grammarly is always insistent that I change it, and I think any editor will agree. The only times I like to use it is when the two points are:

-Somewhat contrary to each other,

-Not often linked together, or

-Unexpected

Edit: If it doesn't fit any of the criteria above, just change the sentence to say "and." Simplicity is always best.

Bonus: Sentence length

AI is bad at making great sentences. AI outputs tend to have unimpressive paragraph construction, mostly characterized by monotonous sentence length. There's an easy fix.

For more human-sounding content, switch up your sentence length. I like to use what I call the "short — long — short" format. For example, the first paragraph of this section

Final thoughts

Writing with AI is a very useful thing — and I firmly believe that writers who don't adopt AI can be easily overtaken by those who do.

But just because you're using AI doesn't mean you should be lazy. AI is still a long way off from copying a human writer off the bat. If you want to get the same level of quality, you need to be diligent in editing.

Take out those 7 common dead giveaways of AI content and level up your writing game this 2024.

Source: James Presbitero Jr.

https://medium.com/practice-in-public/these-words-make-it-obvious-that-your-text-is-written-by-ai-9b04f399d88c