Saturday, August 31, 2024

ChatGPT's Top 50 Favorite Words and Phrases

In the world of AI, where algorithms and neural networks reign supreme, AI detectors have become the literary detectives of the digital age. They’re like those overzealous grammar teachers who can spot a misplaced comma from across the room. These AI-powered tools are designed to sniff out patterns, flag suspiciously robotic language, and unmask the true identity of that “author” who might just be an AI bot like ChatGPT. But what exactly do these detectors look for? And why do they seem to have a particular dislike for certain words and phrases?

Whether you’re trying to avoid detection as a crafty AI or you’re just curious about the inner workings of these digital bloodhounds, this guide will walk you through the types of words and phrases that are most detectable by AI detectors, and why some words are simply overused by AI models like GPT-4 and ChatGPT.

Summary (TLDR)

◎ AI detectors spot AI-generated content by identifying overused, sophisticated, and repetitive words and phrases common in AI-generated text.

◎ Top overused words by AI like ChatGPT include “Moreover,” “Pivotal,” and “Comprehensive,” while phrases like “It’s important to note” and “In conclusion” are dead giveaways.

◎ AI’s predictability and consistency in word choice make it easier for detectors to flag content as AI-generated, as human writing tends to be more varied and informal.

◎ To avoid detection, writers should diversify their language, avoid overly formal tones, and mix conversational phrases that feel more human and less robotic.


Let’s get started, have a laugh, and learn a thing or two about the quirks of AI language.

An excerpt from two evaluators’ reasoning for whether the text is human-generated (left) or GPT-generated (right). Humans came to opposite conclusions from the same observations, demonstrating that humans aren’t as good as they think they are at identifying AI-written content (originality.ai).


Types of Words Detectable by AI Detectors

AI detectors are the Sherlock Holmes of the digital world, analyzing the patterns in text to determine whether it’s human-made or the work of a sophisticated AI. Here are the main types of words that these tools tend to sniff out:


1. High-frequency Words

Example: Words like “therefore,” “however,” and “furthermore” are AI favourites. They’re the literary equivalent of eating the same sandwich every day for lunch — reliable, but not very exciting.


2. Sophisticated Vocabulary

Example: AI often throws around words like “comprehensive,” “intricate,” and “pivotal.” It’s like that one friend who uses “exacerbate” in casual conversation, trying a bit too hard to impress.


3. Formal Tone

Example: Phrases like “It is imperative that…” and “In light of this…” scream “robot.” Humans, especially in casual writing, are more likely to say “We’ve got to…” or “So, because of this…


4. Repetitive Phrasing

Example: AI models sometimes get stuck in a loop, using the same phrases like “It is worth mentioning that…” or “To sum up…” repeatedly. It’s like having a favorite phrase that you just can’t stop using — until everyone starts noticing.


Complex Sentence Structure

Example: AI loves long, winding sentences with multiple clauses. It’s like AI thinks it’s writing the next great novel, but instead, it’s just giving itself away.



Top 50 AI-Detectable Words and Phrases for GPT-4 and ChatGPT

When it comes to AI-generated content, some words and phrases are used so often that they might as well come with a flashing neon sign saying, “This was written by a bot!” Let’s break down the most overused words and phrases by ChatGPT.


Most Overused ChatGPT Words

1. Delve

  • Let’s delve into the … Delving sounds deep, but AI uses it so much that it’s become more of a shallow dip.

2. Moreover

  • Moreover, it is crucial to consider… Moreover? More like “overused.” This word pops up in AI text like dandelions in a field. 

3. Furthermore

  • Furthermore, this demonstrates that… Furthermore is the cousin of “Moreover,” and AI loves family reunions. 

4. Pivotal

  • This event was pivotal in shaping the outcome… Pivotal moments are important, but if everything is pivotal, is anything really pivotal? 

5. Tapestry

  • The cultural tapestry of our society… AI has a thing for tapestries, even though we all know it’s just a fancy word for “a mix of stuff.” 

6. Vital

  • It is vital to understand… If everything is vital, then we’re all on life support. 

7. Comprehensive

  • A comprehensive review of the data… AI thinks that if something isn’t comprehensive, it’s not worth mentioning. 

8. Embark

  • We embark on a new journey… AI is always embarking on journeys, but let’s be honest, most of them are just long walks around the block. 

9. Notably

  • Notably, the results indicate… Notably? Not really. This word is the literary equivalent of underlining in a neon colour. 

10. Excels

  • This product excels in performance… Excels — because saying “does well” isn’t fancy enough for AI. 🌟

11. Undoubtedly

  • Undoubtedly, this is a significant achievement… When in doubt, say “undoubtedly” — or so AI thinks. 

12. Landscape

  • The business landscape is changing… AI loves painting landscapes, but they’re all digital, of course. 

13. Vibrant

  • The vibrant community… Vibrant communities are lovely, but in AI’s world, everything is vibrant. 

14. Arguably

  • Arguably, this approach is the most effective… Arguably, AI uses this word too much. 

15. Catalyst

  • This decision acted as a catalyst for change… AI’s go-to word for when something, anything, changes.

16. Engage

  • We need to engage with the stakeholders… Engage — because apparently, talking isn’t enough. 

17. Seamlessly

  • The process was integrated seamlessly… Seamlessly — because in AI’s world, nothing ever has hiccups. 

18. Paradigm

  • A paradigm shift in technology… AI loves a good paradigm shift. Too bad it’s not shifting its own writing style. 

19. Optimize

  • We need to optimize our resources… Optimize — because “improve” just doesn’t have the same ring to it. 

20. Framework

  • The framework for the project includes… AI can’t build a sentence without a framework. 

21. Harness

  • We can harness the power of AI… Harness sounds powerful, but AI uses it so much it’s lost its spark. 

22. Robust

  • A robust solution is required… AI’s favorite way to say “strong” while sounding intellectual. 

23. Leverage

  • We should leverage existing technology… Leverage — because “use” is just too pedestrian. 

24. Dynamic

  • The dynamic nature of the market… Everything is dynamic with AI, even when it’s not. 

25. Intricate

  • The intricate details of the plan… Intricate is AI’s way of saying “complicated” while trying to sound smarter. 


Most Overused ChatGPT Phrases

1. “Dive into the details…”

  • Let’s dive into the details of the analysis… AI loves a good dive, even if it’s just into a kiddie pool of details. 

2. “It’s important to note…”

  • It’s important to note that this approach…” Important? Yes. Overused? Definitely.

3. “In conclusion…”

  • In conclusion, the data suggests…” AI likes to wrap things up in a nice little package, usually with this phrase. 

4. “As we have seen…”

  • As we have seen in the previous sections… AI doesn’t trust that you were paying attention, so it has to remind you. 

5. “It’s crucial to understand…”

  • It’s crucial to understand the implications… Crucial according to AI, who loves to tell you what’s important

6. “To sum up…”

  • To sum up, the findings indicate…” AI knows you’re busy, so it sums up everything, often. 

7. “In the fast-paced world…”

  • “In the fast-paced world of technology…AI thinks everything is fast-paced — maybe because it’s processing a million things a second. 

8. “A wide range of…”

  • A wide range of factors contribute to…” If you’re not sure what to say, throw in “a wide range.” AI does. 

9. “This highlights the need…”

  • This highlights the need for further research…” AI loves a good highlight, even when it’s not using a marker. 

10. “With regard to…”

  • With regard to the recent trends…” AI prefers “with regard to” over “about,” because it likes to sound formal. 

11. “On the other hand…”

  • On the other hand, this approach may be risky…” AI always considers the other hand, just in case you forgot it exists. 

12. “The findings suggest…”

  • The findings suggest that more research is needed…” AI loves to suggest things, usually that more research is needed. 

13. “To better understand…”

  • To better understand the issue, we need to…” AI really wants you to get it, hence this overused phrase. 

14. “This underscores the importance of…”

  • This underscores the importance of effective communication…” AI loves to underscore. It’s like highlighting, but fancier. 

15. “In other words…”

  • In other words, the approach is flawed…” In other words, AI thinks you didn’t get it the first time. 

16. “It’s worth mentioning that…”

  • It’s worth mentioning that the results were unexpected…” Worth mentioning? Maybe. Overused? Absolutely. 

17. “Given the context…”

  • Given the context, the decision was appropriate…” AI loves a good context — preferably one it can overanalyze. 

18. “Navigating the complexities…”

  • Navigating the complexities of the issue requires…” AI makes everything sound like a maze, even when it’s a straight path. 

19. “This approach allows for…”

  • This approach allows for greater flexibility…” AI is always allowing for something, even when it’s not really necessary. 

20. “An important consideration is…”

  • An important consideration is the cost…” Consider this: AI really likes the word “important.” 

21. “The benefits of…”

  • The benefits of this strategy are clear… Benefits are great, but AI talks about them like they’re handing out candy. 

22. “In the context of…”

  • In the context of the current market…” Context is key, but AI sometimes makes it the whole door. 

23. “This leads to…”

  • This leads to a significant increase in efficiency… AI loves a good lead, even if it’s leading nowhere new. 

24. “It’s clear that…”

  • It’s clear that further research is needed…” Clear as mud sometimes, but AI insists on clarity. 

25. “On the other hand…”

  • On the other hand, this approach may be risky…” AI loves to play devil’s advocate, just in case you missed the other hand.


Digging Deeper into the Data

So, why do these words and phrases keep popping up in AI-generated content? The answer lies in the way AI models like GPT-4 are trained. These models are fed vast amounts of text from books, articles, websites, and more. They learn patterns and tendencies from this data, which means they often default to phrases that are common in formal writing or that appear frequently in their training material.

But here’s the catch: AI is incredibly good at being consistent, which is both its strength and its weakness. While human writers vary their language to keep things interesting, AI sticks to what it knows works — hence the repetitive use of certain words and phrases.

This predictability is exactly what AI detectors are looking for. By identifying these overused patterns, detectors can make an educated guess that a piece of writing might not be entirely human. So, if you’re trying to write in a way that avoids detection, varying your language and mixing in more informal, conversational tones might just do the trick.

In the end, while AI is fantastic at generating text, it still struggles with the subtleties that make human writing so engaging and diverse. So the next time you see the word “moreover” or “it’s important to note,” you might just find yourself chuckling, knowing that it’s likely the handiwork of an AI trying its best to sound human.


Source: Asif Iqbal

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/chatgpts-top-50-favorite-words-phrases-asif-iqbal-mba-cmbe-lavpe/

Thursday, August 08, 2024

中共拒絕IMF建議出資拯救樓市崩潰,原因何在?

 

圖一:IMF呼籲中國政府直接出資解決爛尾樓問題,但被中方以造成道德風險為由拒絕。(圖片來源:信報)

日本迷失二十年的教訓,是政府必須出手挽救瀕臨破產的房地產或金融機構,否則它們崩潰之後,將需要二、三十年來復甦。美國在二〇〇八年雷曼債券爆煲的金融危機,就是吸收了日本的教訓而由政府出手注資拯救銀行和保險公司,令美國不致陷入衰退和滯漲。這是野村證券的辜朝明 (Richard Ku)的看法,他建議過中共必須出手救助房地產危機,我去年寫過文章評論。現在IMF提了出來,但中共的專家反對,說會引起政府無限量承擔的道德風險。

說是道德風險,不如說是民主風險吧。辜朝明的救市建議,是在民主政府才是容易執行的——民主政府是有限度承擔責任極權政府一旦執行,就是無限量承擔責任了。故此,中共還是等待特朗普上台、等待美國外援好了。如果特朗普不能回朝,那就死路一條,中國大陸被(勾結民主黨的)美國財團吃定了!

國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)八月二日發表中國年度評估,呼籲中國政府從速處理無力償債的內房企業商,並直接出資解決爛尾樓問題、補貼買樓人士,把無法峻工的項目轉為保障房等。報告估計,若中國要實行這個建議,所需金額相當於中國GDP的5.5%;由於數目很大,政府應該分四年時間攤分。有外媒計算,涉及金額約一萬億美元。

不過,彭博社中方反駁IMF的建議,並主張以市場化方式解決內房爛尾問題。IMF的中國執行董事張正鑫指中央政府不宜直接提供財政支持,否則會導致外界預期政府未來會出手救助,從而造成道德風險。

其實IMF早在五月完成對中國的評估,七月開始撰寫報告;而中國當局五月曾公布一系列救市大招,包括發行一萬億超長期特別國債、人民銀行以人民幣三千億資金助國企購買空置單位並轉為保障房、大幅降低首付比例等,所以這分報告的內容現在看來或有些過時。不過明顯可以看出五月時中央那一萬億國債、三千億資金統統都是杯水車薪,因為IMF提出的數目龐大,達到中國GDP的5.5%。

至於張正鑫的說法則提出了中國內房的困局 —— 中央政府不可能無了期地出手救市,因為內房問題是無底深潭,是個能吞噬一切的黑洞泡沫終究是要爆破然後歸於虛無,一切只是時間問題。


Source: 陳雲

https://www.patreon.com/posts/zhong-gong-ju-yi-109691227

Wednesday, August 07, 2024

一件零件,足以結束俄烏戰爭

 

圖一:軸承(啤令)能確保火車安全運行,俄羅斯鐵路列車的啤令即將耗盡,一旦鐵路網癱瘓就無法動員。(圖片來源:網上)

自由貿易是和平的保障,互相交換產品優勢,引致彼此依賴對方的糧食、原料、機器和技術,就很難發生戰爭,因為彼此制裁和禁運,足以令對方招架不住。美國用貿易禁運在二次大戰對付過日本,戰後對付北韓、伊朗,現在是俄羅斯和局部對付中共。看來先招架不住的是俄羅斯,自從美國明令叫中共不能在軍事工業支援俄羅斯,否則會被金融制裁之後,俄羅斯就疲態畢露。相反,烏克蘭的軍需品源源不絕,最近還得到F-16戰鬥機,儼然是北約成員國的標準配備了。目前中共遭受美國的貿易關稅懲罰、高科技晶片禁運和局部的投資禁止,看來一旦俄國停火、北韓被可能上任的特朗普離間,中共投降談判之日近矣。

全球大選年,特朗普即將強勢回歸,就連普京都要讓路?

網上流傳整個俄羅斯鐵路網可能會在幾日之內徹底癱瘓,原因是列車的重要零件即將耗盡,一萬個車卡已經即時停用,仍然在用的二十萬個車卡則隨時停用,情況相當危急。俄羅斯鐵路公司副局長科布澤夫(Sergei Kobzev)己通知下屬並叮囑他們儘量加班,又威脅若工作期間出意外或故障,輕則被解僱,重則小命不保。

據知那個重要零件是盒式軸承(cartridge bearings),即是香港說的啤令,用來支撐車輪的軸心結構,確保車卡平穩、安全運行,是很重要的零件。俄羅斯國土全球最大,橫跨歐亞兩國,故此相當依賴鐵路交通;一旦鐵路網癱瘓就無法動員,影響非常嚴重。筆者認為鐵路公司副局長並不是真的要殺死員工,只是要強調事情的嚴重性,畢竟俄烏戰爭還在打嘛,必須確保俄軍的動員力 —— 沒有火車普京就沒法調兵遣將和運載武器,難道這場打了兩年多的仗,最終因俄羅斯被逼停戰而告終?


俄國近年火車意外頻生,香港白手套難發揮效用

事件被《新聞週刊》(Newsweek)報道出來,並引述分析指今次事件代表歐美制裁禁運有成效;事實上,以「俄羅斯」與「火車意外」為關鍵詞在網上搜尋,就會發現近年有很多宗相關的新聞,每次都有約一百人傷亡。不久之前,維也納經濟研究所所長菲爾德邁爾(Gabriel Felbermayr)俄羅斯借助中亞國家購買西方產品,對華貿易增40%,對土耳其增加23%,對印度的貿易額更增逾倍達140%,代表西方對俄制裁收效甚微。

圖二:俄羅斯國土橫跨歐亞兩國,故此相當依賴鐵路交通。(圖片來源:網上)

現在看來正好跟菲爾德邁爾說的相反,就連中共也不能插手幫忙 —— 其實是可以的,因為還有香港這個白手套嘛。不過香港有很多公司已被美國制裁,所以要做得比之前更迂迴,結果是要花更多時間和錢才能買到和運送到俄羅斯。中俄沒有錢就不要想這些事情啦!

打仗講求一鼓作氣,而且兵貴神速,如果今次消息屬實,似乎俄烏戰爭真的要結束,以迎接特朗普回朝。


Source: 陳雲

https://www.patreon.com/posts/yi-jian-ling-zu-109641111

Monday, August 05, 2024

3 tips for your work week

Three doses of practical wisdom for your week:

  • The main purpose of a meeting isn’t whatever you’re talking about — it’s something called narrative alignment, or helping everyone on your team think of themselves as part of the same story. A lot of that alignment happens nonverbally, which is why ditching meetings might make things more efficient in the short-term but backfire long-term.
  • People don’t read online; they scan. Most readers follow an “F-scanning pattern,” meaning they run their eyes down the left side of the page and move to the right when they see something interesting. One lesson here, if you happen to be writing an internal document this week and want your coworkers to pay attention: Keep paragraphs short and front-load your main point into the first 3–5 words.
  • I loved this deep-dive into how to get over writer’s block from game designer Doc Burford. It’s written through the lens of creating video games, but the lessons apply to any type of generative work. Here’s one piece of wisdom, a version of the adage that your first idea is never your best: “Any idea you have should be taken at least twice as far as your instinct tells you.


Source: Harris Sockel

https://medium.com/blog/3-tips-for-your-work-week-plus-brats-anti-design-f96c5b2b77db